Dog’s Hind Legs Have Five Claws: What Does It Mean?

A dog with five claws on its hind legs is a fascinating anomaly. While most domestic canines possess four toes on each hind foot, the presence of a fifth toe, often referred to as a “dewclaw,” is a captivating example of atavism – a reappearance of ancestral traits. Understanding this phenomenon requires delving into canine genetics and evolutionary history.

The presence of a fifth claw is a throwback to the dogs’ wild ancestors, wolves. Wolves, and indeed many other wild canids, possess five toes on each foot. The dewclaw, located higher on the leg than the other toes and often not touching the ground during normal locomotion, served a purpose in the wild. While its exact function in wolves is still debated, it’s theorized to have aided in gripping, climbing, and providing additional traction during hunting and traversing challenging terrain. Think of it as a vestigial thumb, a remnant of a feature that was once essential for survival but has become less relevant in the domesticated canine.

The Genetics of a Fifth Claw:

The appearance of a dewclaw is primarily determined by genetics. A specific gene, or more likely, a complex interplay of genes, dictates the presence or absence of this extra digit. While it’s a relatively uncommon occurrence in many breeds, certain breeds are predisposed to having dewclaws on their hind legs, or even on their front legs. These extra claws aren’t always symmetrical; a dog might have a dewclaw on only one hind leg, or even on only one foot. The inheritance pattern isn’t always simple, making it difficult to predict with certainty whether a puppy will inherit this trait. Breeding dogs with dewclaws increases the likelihood of this trait manifesting in their offspring.

Should You Remove a Hind Leg Dewclaw?

This is a question that often arises amongst dog owners and breeders. The answer, however, is not straightforward and depends heavily on several factors:

Breed Standards: Certain kennel clubs and breed standards specifically prohibit dewclaws on hind legs. For dogs intended for show competition, removal of hind leg dewclaws is often mandatory to conform to the breed standard. This is purely an aesthetic consideration linked to breed conformity and has no bearing on the dog’s health or well-being.

Functionality: In most cases, hind leg dewclaws are non-functional. They don’t typically touch the ground during walking or running, making them less prone to injury than front leg dewclaws, which sometimes snag on objects and tear. However, the nail on the dewclaw still grows and needs regular trimming to prevent it from curling into the paw pad, causing pain and infection.

Veterinary Advice: The decision of whether or not to remove a dewclaw should always be made in consultation with a veterinarian. They can assess the dewclaw’s position, potential for injury, and any health concerns before recommending removal. The procedure is usually performed when the puppy is very young, often within the first few days of life, minimizing stress and pain. Anesthesia is almost always necessary. There are also risks involved, as with any surgical procedure, including infection and bleeding.

Potential Problems: While usually harmless, some dewclaws can become injured or infected if they are caught on something or if the nail grows too long. Regular nail trims are crucial. In rare cases, a dewclaw might be hypermobile, meaning it’s loosely attached and prone to injury. A veterinarian can assess this possibility.

Caring for a Dog with Hind Leg Dewclaws:

Regardless of whether you decide to remove the dewclaw, regular care is essential. This includes:

Nail Trimming: The nail on the dewclaw should be trimmed regularly to prevent overgrowth and potential ingrown nail issues. This is easily done at home using appropriate clippers, but you can also ask your veterinarian or groomer to demonstrate proper technique.

Paw Pad Inspection: Regularly inspect the paw pad around the dewclaw for any signs of injury, infection, or inflammation. Look for redness, swelling, discharge, or lameness.

Veterinary Check-ups: Include a check of the dewclaw during your dog’s routine veterinary examinations.

In conclusion, the presence of five claws on a dog’s hind legs is a fascinating glimpse into canine ancestry. While not always cause for concern, it’s crucial to understand the genetic basis, potential complications, and the options available regarding removal. Ultimately, responsible pet ownership involves careful monitoring and appropriate veterinary care, ensuring the well-being of your canine companion. The decision about a dewclaw should be made thoughtfully, considering both the breed standard (if applicable) and the specific needs of the individual dog. Always prioritize the dog’s health and comfort above all else.