Dog Diseases Easily Contracted After Exercise Injuries

Canine exercise, while beneficial for overall health and well-being, carries a risk of injury. These injuries, if not properly managed, can predispose dogs to a range of secondary health problems. Understanding these potential complications is crucial for responsible pet ownership. This article explores several common canine diseases linked to exercise-related injuries.

I. Peripheral Nerve Damage in the Limbs

Exercise injuries can cause significant damage to the peripheral nerves in a dog’s limbs. The severity of the injury and resulting neurological deficits vary depending on the specific nerve affected and the extent of the damage.

Radial Nerve: Radial nerve damage, often occurring near the elbow joint, results in a characteristic flexion of the wrist and digits (fingers). The dog is unable to extend these joints, and when bearing weight, places the back of its digits on the ground. Sensory loss in the affected area is also observed. Damage higher up, near the shoulder, prevents elbow extension and weight-bearing altogether.

Brachial Plexus: Injury to the brachial plexus, a network of nerves in the shoulder region, usually manifests as radial nerve paralysis, but can involve other nerves like the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, suprascapular, and axillary nerves depending on the location and severity of the injury. This complex injury requires specialized veterinary care.

Sciatic Nerve: Sciatic nerve damage frequently accompanies pelvic or femoral fractures, or may result from intramuscular injections of irritating substances. Paralysis ensues, affecting most leg muscles except the quadriceps. The affected limb appears lengthened, unable to support weight, and the dog struggles with locomotion, often dragging the limb or bearing weight on the hock. Prolonged nerve damage leads to muscle atrophy. Early diagnosis and treatment are paramount to prevent permanent disability.

II. Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissue injuries, encompassing a spectrum of non-penetrating trauma, represent a common outcome of strenuous exercise. The severity ranges from minor bruises to significant damage affecting muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Mild Contusions: These are characterized by ruffled fur, localized swelling, pain, increased temperature, and sometimes bruising or bleeding under the skin.

Hematoma Formation: More severe contusions involving larger blood vessels lead to hematoma formation – a collection of blood under the skin. The affected area rapidly swells, feels fluctuant (wave-like) on palpation, and bleeds upon puncture. Over time, the hematoma hardens.

Lymphatic Leakage: Damage to lymphatic vessels causes lymph fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues, resulting in persistent swelling with distinct boundaries. This swelling is less warm and painful than a hematoma and contains lymphatic fluid.

Severe Contusions: Severe injuries can involve damage to tendons, ligaments, bones, and even joints. Prompt veterinary attention is critical to prevent long-term complications. Advanced imaging (X-rays, ultrasound) may be necessary to assess the extent of the damage.

III. Patellar Luxation

Patellar luxation, the dislocation of the kneecap, is frequently seen in small and toy breeds, often possessing a genetic predisposition. While it can be congenital, it can also be aggravated by exercise. Larger breeds may experience patellar luxation secondary to hip dysplasia or age-related degeneration. Clinical signs include an abnormal gait, with the affected leg exhibiting inward or outward deviation depending on the direction of luxation. Chronic cases may involve cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Radiographic examination confirms the diagnosis.

IV. Fractures

Fractures are a significant risk associated with intense exercise, especially in dogs prone to exuberant activity. Slippery surfaces increase the risk of twisting injuries and fractures. Fractures can range from hairline cracks to complete bone breaks, requiring varying degrees of intervention. Immediate veterinary care is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment, which may involve immobilization, surgery, or other therapies.

V. Post-Exercise Complications: Osteoarthritis and Other Conditions

Exercise injuries can accelerate the onset and severity of degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. The repeated stress placed on affected joints can lead to cartilage breakdown and inflammation, resulting in chronic pain and mobility limitations. This is particularly true for older dogs or breeds predisposed to joint problems. Other post-exercise complications include infections (if wounds are present), muscle atrophy from disuse due to pain or immobility, and chronic pain syndromes.

Prevention and Management

Preventing exercise-related injuries requires careful planning and responsible pet ownership:

Gradual Exercise Progression: Avoid sudden increases in intensity or duration of exercise.

Appropriate Exercise Type: Choose exercises suitable for the dog’s breed, age, and fitness level.

Safe Environment: Provide a safe, well-maintained environment for exercise, avoiding slippery surfaces or obstacles.

Regular Veterinary Checkups: Routine veterinary checkups can help identify underlying health conditions that increase the risk of injury.

Prompt Treatment: Seek immediate veterinary attention for any suspected injuries.

In conclusion, while regular exercise is vital for canine health, responsible owners must be aware of the associated risks of injury and the potential for secondary health problems. Careful planning, a safe environment, and prompt treatment are crucial for preventing and managing these conditions and ensuring your canine companion enjoys a long and healthy life.