Common Problems in Pekingese Dogs

The Pekingese, with its charming personality and regal appearance, has captured the hearts of many dog lovers. However, this brachycephalic breed, known for its short nose and flat face, is predisposed to several health issues that require attentive care and proactive preventative measures. Understanding these common problems is crucial for responsible ownership and ensuring a long, happy life for your Pekingese companion.

I. Ocular Issues:

The Pekingese’s unique facial structure makes its eyes particularly vulnerable. The prominent eyes are susceptible to various problems, the most common being:

Distichiasis (Inverted Eyelashes): Similar to Shar-Peis, Pekingese are prone to distichiasis, a condition where eyelashes grow inwards, irritating the cornea and conjunctiva. Symptoms include excessive tearing, redness of the conjunctiva (the white part of the eye), and squinting. If eye drops don’t alleviate the symptoms, surgical correction is often necessary to remove the offending eyelashes. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing corneal damage and potential vision loss. Regularly checking your Pekingese’s eyes for any signs of irritation is vital.

Eye Injuries: Because of their prominent eyes, Pekingese are at a higher risk of eye injuries. Accidental collisions during play with other dogs, particularly those with longer snouts, can lead to scratches, abrasions, or more serious damage. Supervise playtime carefully, especially with larger or more boisterous dogs. If an injury occurs, immediately seek veterinary attention to prevent infection or lasting damage. Protecting their eyes with gentle handling and a safe play environment is paramount.

Epiphora (Excessive Tearing): Excessive tearing, often accompanied by staining of the fur around the eyes, is a common problem in Pekingese. This can be caused by several factors, including distichiasis, allergies, blocked tear ducts, or even simply the natural overflow of tears due to the eye’s shape and position. Regular cleaning of the eye area with a soft, damp cloth is essential. If excessive tearing persists, consult a veterinarian to rule out underlying medical conditions. Consider using a veterinarian-recommended eye cleaning solution to prevent infection.

II. Respiratory Problems:

The brachycephalic nature of the Pekingese, characterized by a short, flat nose and narrow nostrils, leads to a number of respiratory challenges:

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): This syndrome encompasses a range of respiratory difficulties, including elongated soft palates, stenotic nares (narrow nostrils), and everted laryngeal saccules (collapsed voice box). These anatomical features obstruct airflow, making breathing difficult, especially during exertion or hot weather. Symptoms include noisy breathing (snorting, gasping), exercise intolerance, and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the gums). BOAS can be life-threatening and requires veterinary intervention, potentially involving surgery. Avoid strenuous exercise in hot or humid weather. Keep your Pekingese at a healthy weight to reduce strain on the respiratory system.

Heatstroke: The shortened nasal passages and restricted airflow make Pekingese particularly susceptible to heatstroke. High temperatures can quickly overwhelm their respiratory system, leading to potentially fatal consequences. Never leave your Pekingese unattended in a hot car, and provide ample shade and fresh water, especially during warmer months. Regular grooming to prevent overheating is also recommended. Recognizing the early signs of heatstroke (panting, excessive drooling, lethargy) is crucial for prompt intervention.

Nasal Hygiene: The facial folds of the Pekingese are prone to accumulating dirt, debris, and moisture, which can lead to irritation and infection. Regularly clean these folds with a soft, damp cloth to prevent the buildup of bacteria and fungi. The moist environment encourages bacterial and yeast growth, thus regular cleaning is essential for preventing infections.

III. Spinal Problems:

The Pekingese’s conformation makes them prone to spinal issues:

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): This is a particularly significant concern for Pekingese, often manifesting between the ages of 2.5 and 5 years. The breed’s long body and short legs put extra stress on the spine, increasing the risk of disc herniation. Symptoms can range from mild stiffness and pain to complete paralysis. Early signs include neck stiffness, difficulty jumping, changes in gait, and pain upon palpation of the back. Immediate veterinary attention is vital for diagnosis and treatment, which may involve pain management, rest, and in severe cases, surgery. Preventative measures include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding activities that put excessive stress on the spine, and ensuring proper handling techniques (supporting the entire body when lifting).

Improper Handling: Incorrectly lifting a Pekingese can exacerbate spinal problems. Never lift a Pekingese by only its underarms; always support its entire body, distributing weight evenly. Avoid sudden movements or jarring motions that could put stress on the spine.

IV. Other Common Issues:

Besides the above, Pekingese may experience other problems like:

Obesity: Pekingese have a tendency toward obesity, which exacerbates many of their other health concerns. Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise to prevent weight gain.

Skin Problems: Long-haired breeds are susceptible to skin issues like matting, infections, and allergies. Regular grooming is essential to keep their coat clean and prevent matting.

Dental Problems: Like many small breeds, Pekingese can develop dental problems. Regular dental care, including brushing and professional cleanings, is important to prevent periodontal disease.

By understanding the specific health challenges facing Pekingese dogs and taking proactive steps to address these potential problems, owners can significantly improve their pets’ quality of life and longevity. Regular veterinary checkups, a healthy diet, appropriate exercise, and attentive grooming are essential for maintaining the well-being of this charming breed. Early detection and intervention are critical for managing most of these conditions successfully. Remember, a well-informed and proactive owner is the best defense against these common Pekingese health issues.