What to Do if Your Dog Drowns: Emergency First Aid for Canine Drowning

Drowning is a common accident for dogs, especially during outdoor activities. It can lead to asphyxiation and oxygen deprivation, making swift and appropriate first aid crucial. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to respond to a drowning dog, covering prevention, rescue, and post-rescue care.

I. Understanding Canine Drowning:

Canine drowning occurs when a dog is submerged in water, preventing them from breathing. This can happen in various scenarios, including accidental falls into pools, lakes, or rivers; getting caught in strong currents; or simply being unable to swim and struggling in the water. Several factors can increase the risk, such as a dog’s lack of swimming ability, pre-existing health conditions, and the depth and temperature of the water. The severity of the drowning incident depends on the duration of submersion, the amount of water inhaled, and the dog’s overall health. Even a seemingly short period underwater can be life-threatening.

II. Immediate Actions Upon Discovering a Drowning Dog:

Your first priority is your own safety. Do not risk your own life to save the dog if the situation is unsafe. If possible, use a flotation device or reach for a stick or rope to extend your reach.

Once the dog is safely retrieved from the water:

1. Clear the Airway: Immediately and gently clear your dog’s mouth and nose of any water, mud, debris, or vegetation. Use a clean cloth or your fingers wrapped in a cloth to carefully remove obstructions. Gently pull the tongue forward to ensure the airway is open. Avoid excessive force that could cause further injury.

2. Remove Excess Water: For smaller dogs, hold them securely by the hind legs and gently swing them upside down to help drain water from the lungs. For larger dogs, place them on a slope with their rear end higher than their head. This helps gravity assist in water drainage from the lungs. A helper can gently but firmly press on the dog’s ribcage from back to front to expedite water expulsion.

3. Check for Breathing and Heartbeat: Assess your dog’s breathing. Is there any chest movement? If breathing has stopped, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Check for a heartbeat by feeling for a pulse in the femoral artery (inner thigh) or by listening for a heartbeat with your ear pressed against the dog’s chest. If a heartbeat cannot be detected, begin chest compressions.

4. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): CPR is a life-saving technique involving chest compressions and rescue breaths. Crucially, you should only attempt CPR if you are trained or under the supervision of a veterinarian. Improper CPR can cause severe injury. If you are not trained, focus on clearing the airway and getting your dog to a veterinarian as quickly as possible.

Chest Compressions: For small dogs, use your thumbs to press on the chest, just below the rib cage. For larger dogs, use the heel of one hand, placing the other hand on top for support. Compress the chest about one-third of its depth, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.

Rescue Breaths: If the dog isn’t breathing, attempt rescue breaths. Close the dog’s mouth and gently cover its nose with your mouth, giving gentle breaths. The breaths should be small and gentle, mimicking the dog’s normal breathing pattern. Avoid forceful breaths that could damage the lungs.

5. Post-Rescue Care: Wrap your dog in a warm, dry towel to prevent hypothermia. Continue to monitor its breathing and pulse. Transport your dog to a veterinarian immediately for a thorough examination and treatment. Even if your dog appears to recover, internal injuries may have occurred.

III. Post-Rescue Veterinary Care:

Your veterinarian will conduct a comprehensive assessment to determine the extent of lung damage, evaluate for aspiration pneumonia (fluid in the lungs), and address any other complications resulting from the drowning. They may provide oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and medications to help your dog recover.

IV. Preventing Drowning Accidents:

Supervision: Never leave your dog unsupervised near water, regardless of its swimming ability.

Life Jackets: Use a properly fitting life jacket for dogs who are not confident swimmers or are being taken out on boats or rafts.

Fencing: Secure your property with fencing to prevent accidental access to pools, ponds, or other bodies of water.

Swimming Lessons: Consider professional swimming lessons for dogs if they are not natural swimmers.

Teach commands: Teach commands such as “come” and “stay” to ensure quick retrieval in case of emergency.

V. Recognizing the Signs of Drowning:

Early recognition is crucial. Watch for signs like:

Struggling in the water

Difficulty staying afloat

Weak paddling

Coughing and gagging

Panting excessively

Pale gums

Acting quickly is paramount when it comes to canine drowning. Remembering these steps, prioritizing safety, and seeking professional veterinary help promptly can significantly improve your dog’s chances of survival. Remember, prevention is always the best medicine.